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1.
Acta ortop. bras ; 30(spe2): e246988, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403055

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives Our purpose was to evaluate the clinical results of PCL tibial avulsion fracture fixation performed with 4 mm cancellous screws using a dual posteromedial (PM) portal technique. Methods In a prospective study, we followed 12 patients submitted to PCL tibial insertion avulsion arthroscopic fixation using dual PM portals with cancellous screws from March 2014 to Jan 2020. The proximal higher PM portal served as an instrument portal and provided an optimal trajectory for arthroscopic screw fixation of larger PCL avulsion fractures. The lower PM portal was used as a viewing portal. Results Significant improvements were found between the preoperative and postoperative mean Lysholm scores at six months. The preoperative IKDC score mean of 10.13 increased to 89.3 at the end of six months. Minor adverse results with this technique were: grade I on posterior sag in five knees (41.6%), temporary stiffness in two cases (16.7 %), delayed union in one patient (8.3 %), and difficulty squatting at the end of six months in one patient (8.3%). Temporary extension lag was present in two individuals (16.7%), and fixed subtle flexion deficit of 3-5 degrees occurred in one individual (8.3 %). Conclusion The outcomes obtained with the proposed technique were similar to those obtained with open techniques, although mild flexion deficits and discreet posterior sag may be present in a significant number of cases. Level of Evidence II; Prospective Cohort Study.


RESUMO Objetivos O objetivo foi avaliar os resultados clínicos da fixação da fratura da avulsão tibial PCL realizada com parafusos esponjosos de 4 mm, utilizando uma técnica de portal postero-medial (PM) duplo. Métodos Em um estudo prospectivo, acompanhamos 12 pacientes submetidos à fixação da avulsão tibial de inserção PCL por via artroscópica utilizando portais duplos PM com parafusos esponjosos de março de 2014 a janeiro de 2020. O portal PM proximal superior serviu como um portal de instrumentos e forneceu uma trajetória ideal para a fixação artroscópica com parafusos de fixação de fraturas avulsas PCL maiores. O portal PM inferior foi usado como um portal de visualização. Resultados Foram encontradas melhorias significativas entre o pré-operatório e o pós-operatório, com pontuação média de Lysholm aos seis meses. A pontuação média do IKDC pré-operatório de 10,13 aumentou para 89,3 no final dos seis meses. Os resultados adversos menores com esta técnica foram: grau I na flacidez posterior de cinco joelhos (41,6%), rigidez temporária em dois casos (16,7%), união tardia em um paciente (8,3%) e dificuldade de agachamento ao final de seis meses em um paciente (8,3%). O atraso temporário da extensão estava presente em dois indivíduos (16,7%) e o déficit de flexão sutil fixo de 3-5 graus ocorreu em um indivíduo (8,3%). Conclusão Os resultados obtidos com a técnica proposta foram similares aos obtidos com técnicas abertas, embora déficits leves de flexão e discreta flacidez posterior possam estar presentes em um número significativo de casos. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo de Coorte Prospectivo.

2.
Artrosc. (B. Aires) ; 28(4): 272-277, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1352933

ABSTRACT

Las lesiones de la raíz meniscal se definen como desgarros radiales ubicados dentro del centímetro de la inserción del menisco, o como una avulsión de la raíz ósea. Esta lesión es biomecánicamente comparable a una meniscectomía total, lo que lleva a una disminución del área de contacto tibiofemoral y un aumento perjudicial de las cargas para el cartílago articular y, en última instancia, conducen al desarrollo de una artrosis precoz.La reparación quirúrgica es el tratamiento de elección en pacientes sin artrosis significativa (grados 3 o 4 de Outerbridge). Las reparaciones de raíz mejoran los resultados clínicos, disminuyen la extrusión meniscal y enlentecen la aparición de cambios degenerativos. Aquí describimos la anatomía, biomecánica, evaluación clínica, métodos de tratamiento y resultados para los desgarros de las raíces meniscales posteriores. Nivel de Evidencia: IV


Meniscal root tears either are defined as an avulsion of the insertion of the meniscus attachment or complete radial tears that are located within 1 cm of the meniscus insertion. Untreated meniscal root tears have been reported to result in altered joint biomechanics and accelerated articular cartilage degeneration. In this regard, the "recently" recognized pathology of meniscal root tears have been reported to precipitously worsen articular cartilage degeneration, cause painful bone edema, and lead to progressive osteoarthritis if left untreated.Meniscal root repair has been demonstrated to have high satisfaction rates and superior outcomes than arthroscopic meniscectomy for root tears. Early referral of these patients for surgery had been demonstrated to significantly decrease the progression of knee osteoarthritis and the requirement for a TKA at mid-term follow-up. Level of Evidence: IV


Subject(s)
Menisci, Tibial , Knee Injuries
3.
Artrosc. (B. Aires) ; 25(3): 76-86, 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-972516

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los resultados luego de una reconstrucción de doble banda del LCP (RLCP DB). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a una RLCP DB artroscópica primaria para las lesiones completas de LCP (Grado III), entre mayo de 2010 y marzo de 2015. Se realizaron valoraciones funcionales (Tegner, Lysholm, WOMAC, SF-12) y objetivas (radiografías de estrés tibial posterior) antes y a un mínimo de dos años después de la operación. RESULTADOS: Cien pacientes que se sometieron a RLCP DB se incluyeron en este estudio. El promedio de seguimiento para la cohorte de RLCP DB fue de 2.9 años (rango, 2- 6 años). Hubo una mejoría significativa de todos los parámetros funcionales (todos los valores p <0,001). La diferencia media de lado a lado (DLL) en la traslación tibial posterior en radiografías de estrés mejoró de 11,0 ± 3,5 mm antes de la cirugía a 1,6 ± 2,0 mm después de la operación (p <0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: Se observaron resultados funcionales y objetivos significativamente mejores después de una RLCP DB en un seguimiento promedio de 3 años, con bajas tasas de complicaciones, independientemente de la patología ligamentaria concomitante o el momento de la cirugía (agudo o crónico). Además, se obtuvieron resultados clínicos subjetivos y funcionales similares en comparación con las reconstrucciones aisladas del LCA. Tipo de estudio: Serie de Casos. Nivel de evidencia: II.


BACKGROUND: to report on the outcomes after double-bundle PCL reconstructions in isolated versus combined injuries and acute versus chronic PCL reconstructions. METHODS: All patients who underwent a primary endoscopic RPCL DB for complete PCL tears (Grade III) PCL tears between May 2010 and March 2015 were reviewed. Patient reported outcome scores (Tegner, Lysholm, WOMAC, SF-12) and objective posterior stress radiographs were collected preoperatively and at a minimum two-years postoperatively. RESULTS: One hundred patients who underwent RPCL DB were included in this study. The mean follow-up for the PCL cohort was 2.9 years (range, 2-6 years). All functional scores improved at last follow up (all p values <0.001). The mean side-to-side difference (DLL) in posterior tibial translation on kneeling stress radiographs improved from 11.0 ± 3.5 mm preoperatively to 1.6 ± 2.0 mm postoperatively (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Significantly, improved functional and objective outcomes were observed after anatomic-based RPCL DB at a mean 3 years follow-up, with low complication rates, regardless of concomitant ligamentous pathology or timing to surgery. Additionally, contrary to previous reports, comparable subjective and functional clinical outcome were achieved compared to an isolated ACL reconstruction control cohort. Type Study: Case report. Level of evidence: II.


Subject(s)
Adult , Knee Injuries/surgery , Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/methods , Posterior Cruciate Ligament/injuries , Posterior Cruciate Ligament/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome
4.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 52(4): 463-472, July-Aug. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-899168

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The variability of symptoms and the fact that they are not easily recognized in imaging studies make the diagnosis and treatment of posterior meniscal roots lesions a challenging task to the orthopedist. In recent years, a more precise understanding of the anatomy and biomechanical impair of the knee joint in these cases has enabled great advances in therapeutic approaches. Well-documented studies have shown that the repair of these lesions presents superior functional and clinical improvement when compared with meniscectomy. However, the progression of degenerative joint changes in the long-term still exhibits conflicting results.


RESUMO A variabilidade da sintomatologia e o fato de não serem facilmente reconhecidas nos exames de imagem tornam o diagnóstico e o tratamento das lesões das raízes posteriores dos meniscos tarefas desafiadoras para o ortopedista. Nos últimos anos, uma compreensão mais precisa da anatomia e do comprometimento biomecânico da articulação do joelho nessas lesões têm possibilitado grandes avanços nas abordagens terapêuticas. Estudos bem documentados demonstram que o reparo dessas lesões oferece uma melhoria clínica e funcional superior à meniscectomia. Entretanto, os resultados da progressão das alterações degenerativas articulares em longo prazo ainda são conflitantes.


Subject(s)
Joint Instability , Knee Injuries , Knee/anatomy & histology
5.
Artrosc. (B. Aires) ; 23(2): 39-46, mayo 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: lil-786939

ABSTRACT

Las lesiones del complejo posteroexterno (CPE) comprenden una porción significativa de las lesiones ligamentarias de la rodilla. Se necesita un alto índice de sospecha durante la evaluación de la rodilla lesionada, un examen físico completo y una revisión exhaustiva de los estudios radiográficos para poder identificar estas lesiones. En este sentido, las radiografías con estrés pueden ayudar a determinar objetivamente el alcance de estas lesiones. Las opciones de tratamiento quirúrgico o no, se encuentran en función de la gravedad de la lesión. Las lesiones completas del CPE rara vez se curan con tratamiento no quirúrgico, por lo que son tratados con mayor frecuencia quirúrgicamente. El propósito de este artículo fue revisar la anatomía y biomecánica clínicamente relevantes, los algoritmos de diagnóstico, los protocolos de tratamiento y rehabilitación para las lesiones del CPE.


Injuries to the posterolateral corner (PLC) comprise a significant portion of knee ligament injuries. A high index of suspicion is necessary when evaluating the injured knee to detect these sometimes-occult injuries. Moreover, a thorough physical examination and a comprehensive review of radiographic studies are necessary to identify these injuries. In this sense, stress radiographs can help to objectively determine the extent of these lesions. Non-operative and operative treatment options have been reported depending on the extent of the injury. Complete PLC lesions rarely heal with non-operative treatment, and are therefore most often treated surgically. The purpose of this article was to review the anatomy and clinically relevant biomechanics, diagnosis algorithms, treatment and rehabilitation protocols for PLC injuries.


Subject(s)
Knee Joint/anatomy & histology , Knee Joint/pathology , Ligaments, Articular/anatomy & histology , Ligaments, Articular/pathology , Ligaments, Articular , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Tendon Injuries/pathology , Range of Motion, Articular , Rehabilitation
6.
Artrosc. (B. Aires) ; 23(1): 1-9, mar. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: lil-786932

ABSTRACT

Podemos definir las lesiones de raíz meniscal (LRM) como lesiones radiales ubicadas a 1 cm de la inserción de la raíz meniscal, o las avulsiones de la misma. Dichas lesiones alteran la transmisión de la carga axial de la rodilla debido al fallo del menisco para disiparla lo que lleva a la sobrecarga con el consecuente desgaste acelerado del cartílago articular. La reparación de las lesiones de raíz meniscal está recomendada en pacientes jóvenes sin cambios artrósicos avanzados (Outerbridge 3–4), con el fin de restaurar la congruencia articular, mejorar la distribución de cargas, y así prevenir los cambios degenerativos articulares precoces. Numerosas técnicas quirúrgicas han sido descriptas en la literatura. Se han documentado mejoras en la funcionalidad de los pacientes sometidos a una cirugía de reparación de raíz meniscal, aunque todavía hay controversias sobre si dicho tratamiento puede prevenir o no la artrosis precoz.


Meniscal root tears (MRTs) are defined as radial tears within 1 cm of the meniscal root insertion, or an avulsion of the insertion of the meniscus. These injuries change joint loading due to failure of the meniscus to convert axial loads into hoop stresses, resulting in joint overloading and degenerative changes in the knee joint. Meniscal root repair is recommended in patients without advanced osteoarthritis (Outerbridge 3–4), in order to restore joint congruence, loading and thus avoid the long-term effect of joint overloading. Several techniques have been described in literature. Improved patient function is reported after meniscal root repair, but there are still conflicting reports on whether surgical treatment can prevent osteoarthritis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arthroscopy/methods , Menisci, Tibial/anatomy & histology , Menisci, Tibial/surgery , Menisci, Tibial/injuries , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Knee Injuries
7.
Artrosc. (B. Aires) ; 23(3): 93-105, 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-830968

ABSTRACT

En la actualidad, la comprensión de las opciones diagnósticas y de tratamiento para el ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP) han evolucionado, dando lugar a resultados clínicos superiores. Asimismo, distintos autores han publicado resultados que varían desde buenos a excelentes tras el tratamiento no quirúrgico de lesiones aisladas del LCP. Sin embargo, datos recientes hacen referencia a la disminución de las puntuaciones clínicas y la aparición de artrosis precoz en lesiones aisladas severas o combinadas del LCP tratadas de forma conservadora. Por lo anteriormente mencionado se ha vuelto a considerar el tratamiento quirúrgico para muchas de estas lesiones. Durante la última década, se han realizado varios estudios para evaluar la eficacia de las reconstrucciones de simple versus doble banda. Sin embargo, la literatura no es concluyente con respecto a la superioridad de una técnica sobre la otra. El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar los principios básicos de la anatomía del LCP, su biomecánica, su diagnóstico y tratamiento, haciendo hincapié en la reconstrucción del LCP con doble banda femoral y tibial.


Currently, diagnostic understanding and treatment options for the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) have evolved, resulting in superior clinical outcomes. Also different authors have reported results ranging from good to excellent after nonsurgical treatment of isolated PCL injuries, but new studies refer to decreased clinical scores and early osteoarthritis in severe or combined isolated PCL injuries treated conservatively, prompting surgeons to consider operative intervention in many cases. Over the past decade, there have been several studies to assess the effectiveness of single versus double band reconstructions. However, the literature is inconclusive regarding the superiority of one technique over the other. The aim of this study was to review the basic principles of PCL anatomy, biomechanics, diagnosis and treatment, emphasizing PCL reconstruction with double femoral and tibial band.


Subject(s)
Humans , Knee Joint/surgery , Arthroscopy/methods , Posterior Cruciate Ligament/surgery , Posterior Cruciate Ligament/injuries , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Biomechanical Phenomena , Posterior Cruciate Ligament/anatomy & histology , Rehabilitation
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